eWvS³: temI{]ikvX Ipämt\zjW hnZKv[³ sjÀeIv tlmwkv aS§nhcp¶p. {_n«ojpImc\mb kÀ BÀXÀ tIm\³ tUmb 1800 Ifn krjvSn¨ IYm]m{Xamb sjÀeIv tlmwkvvv Xsâ krjvSnIÀ¯mhnt\¡mÄ P\{]nb\mbn amdn.
tIm\³ tUmb acWaSªn«v 80 hÀjw(1930) ]n¶nSpIbmWv. ]t£ A]mc ]mWvUnXyhpw _p²niIvXnbpambn tlmwkvv Ct¸mgpw P\a\kpIÄ IogS¡ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. tlmwknsâ \o¡§sfÃmw tIm\³ tUmb hc¨n« amÀK§fneqsSbmbncp¶p. F¶m {_n«ojv Fgp¯pImc³ Xs¶bmb BâWn slmsdmhnävkv tlmwkns\ ]p\cmhnjvvvIcn¡m³ Xocpam\n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. tIm\³ tUmb krjvSn¨ tlmwknsâ AtX kz`mh khntijXIÄ ]pXnb tlmwkpw ]n´pScpw. 54 Imc\mb slmsdmhnävkvvv {]apJ _mekmlnXyImc\mWv. Iuamc¡mcmb clkymt\zjI³ AeIvkv ssdUÀ BWv At±l¯nsâ {]ikvXamb IYm]m{Xw. XtâXmb Hcp amähpw tlmwknsâ Imcy¯n hcp¯nsöv slmsdmhnävkv Adnbn¨n«pWvSv. 1890 emWv tUmb BZyambn tlmwkvvv IYIÄ ]pd¯nd¡nbXv. 16 hbkpapX Xm³ tlmwkv IYIÄ hmbn¨pXpS§nbXmsW¶pw At±ls¯ XpSÀ¶pw ]m{Xam¡n IYIÄ cNn¡p¶Xn kt´mjtabpÅqsh¶pw slmsdmhnävkv ]dªp.
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