AÀPp³ knwKv A´cn¨p

\yqUÂln: apXnÀ¶ tIm¬{Kkv t\Xmhpw ap³ tI{µa{´nbpamb AÀPp³ knwKv(81) A´cn¨p. lrZbmLmXs¯¯pSÀ¶v UÂln HmÄ C´ym saUn¡Â kb³kkv Bip]{Xnbn C¶se sshIpt¶cw 6.15 þ\mbncp¶p A´yw. s\©pthZ\bpw \mUokw_Ôamb AkpJ§fpw aqew GXm\pw Znhkw ap³]mWv Bip]{Xnbn {]thin¸n¨Xv. AÀPp³ knwKns\ tIm¬{Kknsâ \bcq]hXvIcW kanXnbmb hÀ¡nwKv I½nänbn Øncw £WnXmhm¡nb Znhkw Xs¶bmWv At±l¯nsâ A´yapWvSmbXv. C¶p UÂlnbnse FsFknkn BØm\¯p s]mXpZÀi\¯n\p hbv¡p¶ arXtZlw \msf kztZiamb a[y{]tZinse NpÀl«n kwkvIcn¡pw. aq¶ph«w a[y{]tZiv apJya{´nbmbncp¶ AÀPp³ knwKv tI{µ¯n a³taml³ knwKnsâ H¶mw bp]nF kÀ¡mcnepw, t\ct¯ \cknwldmhp kÀ¡mcnepw am\hhn`htijn a{´nbmbncp¶n«pWvSv. A\mtcmKyw aqew cWvSmw bp]nF kÀ¡mcn a{´nbmbnÃ. ]©m_v KhÀWÀ, tIm¬{Kkv sshkv {]knUâv, tIm¬{Kkv hÀ¡nwKv I½nänbwKw XpS§nb \neIfnepw tkh\a\pjvTn¨p. anI¨ ]mÀesatâdnb\pÅ AhmÀUn\v 2000þ AÀl\mbn. aq¶p ]XnämWvSpImew a[y{]tZiv cm{ãob¯nepw tZiob cm{ãob¯nepw \ndª km¶n[yambncp¶ AÀPp³knwKv anI¨ cm{ãobX{´Ú\pw s\lvdpþ KmÔn IpSpw_¯nsâ hnizkvX\pambncp¶p. ]©m_n Xo{hhmZw iàambncp¶ kab¯v KhÀWdmbn \nban¡s¸« At±lw {][m\a{´n cmPohv KmÔnbpw AImenZÄ t\Xmhv k´v lÀN´v knwKv temwtKmhmfpw X½n [mcWbnse¯p¶Xn \nÀWmbI ]¦phln¨p. 1985 amÀ¨v apX \hw_ÀhscbpÅ sNdnb Imebfhnte ]©m_v KhÀWÀ ]Zhnbnencp¶pÅq. a[y{]tZinse NpÀl«n 1930 amÀ¨v \men\mWp P\\w. ]nXmhv inhv _lmZqÀ knwKv a[y{]tZinse {]apJ cm{ãobt\Xmhmbncp¶p. 1992þ  _m_dn akvPnZv s]mfn¡ens\¯pSÀ¶v {][m\a{´n \cknwldmhphpambn AI¶ AÀPp³ knwKv 94þ tIm¬{Kkv hn«p. XpSÀ¶v F³.Un. Xnhmcnbpambn tNÀ¶v HmÄ C´y Cµncm tIm¬{Kkv (Xnhmcn) F¶ ]mÀ«n¡p cq]w sImSp¯p. 96þse temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸n tXmäXn\ptijw tIm¬{Kkn aS§nsb¯n. \c knwldmhp ]mÀ«n {]knUâv Øm\w HgnªXn\ptijambn cp¶p B Xncn¨phchv. 96, 98 temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸pIfn ]cmPbs¸« AÀPp³knwKv 2000þepw 2006þepw cmPyk`mwKambn sXcsªSp¡s¸«p. t`m¸m hnjhmXI Zpc´ kab¯v a[y{]tZiv apJya{´nbmbncp¶ At±ls¯ Gsd hnhmZ§fpw ]n´pSÀ¶p. hnj¸pIbnÂ\n¶p c£s¸Sm³ Xsâ hkXnbnÂ\n¶v Hfnt¨mSnsb¶XS¡apÅ Btcm]W§Ä At±l¯ns\Xntc DbÀ¶p. hnjhmXIZpc´t¡kn t`m¸m No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v 2010 Pq¬ ]¯n\p hn[n {]Jym]n¨Xns\¯pSÀ¶pw hnhmZapWvSmbn. bqWnb³ ImÀss_Uv I¼\n ta[mhn hmd³ B³tUgvksW C´ybnÂ\n¶p c£s¸Sm³ klmbn¨Xv AÀPp³ knwKmbncp¶psh ¶mbncp¶p Btcm]Ww. ktcmPv tZhnbmWp `mcy. A`na\yp knwKv (_nkn\kv), APbv knwKv (a[y{]tZiv a{´n), hoW knwKv F¶nhÀ a¡Ä. \ncymW¯n tIm¬{Kkv A[y£ tkmWnbKmÔn DÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ A\ptimNn¨p. BßIY ]mXnhgnbnem¡n AÀPp³knwKv hnShm§n   \yqUÂln: Ac\qämWvSp\oWvSp\n¶ cm{ãobPohnX¯nse KXnhnKXnIfpw hnhmZ§fpapÄs¸Sp¯nbpÅ kz´w BßIYbpsS cN\ ]mXnhgnbnem¡nbmWv AÀPp³knwKv hnShm§nbXv.“A Grain of Sand in the Hourglass of Time”F¶ BßIYbpsS {]km[\tasäSp¯ncn¡p¶Xv Hcp Atacn¡³ I¼\nbmWv. CuhÀjw P\phcnbn BßIY ]pd¯nd¡psa¶mbncp¶p AÀPp³knwKv IgnªhÀjw {]Jym]n¨Xv. t`m¸m hnjhmXI Zpc´¯nse apJy{]Xnbpw ]nSnIn«m¸pÅnbpamb bqWnb³ ImÀss_Uv ta[mhn hmd³ B³tUgvk³ cmPy¯p\n¶p c£s¸Sm\nSbmb kmlNcys¯¡pdn¨p PohNcn{X¯n hyàam¡psa¶pw AÀPp³knwKv {]Jym]n¨ncp¶p. tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«nbnepw `cWXe¯nepw H¶ma\mIm³ B{Kln¨p ]n¶oSp ]n³hentbWvSnh¶ t\XmhmWv AÀPp³knwKv. cmPohv KmÔnbpsS Ime¯p ]mÀ«nbnse cWvSma\mbmWv AÀPp³knwKv Adnbs¸«Xv. cmPohvKmÔnbpsS h[s¯¯pSÀ¶p {][m\a{´nbmIpsa¶p ]ecpw IcpXnsb¦nepw k^eambnÃ. F¦nepw a[y{]tZinse \yq\]£§fpsSbpw A[ØnXhn`mK§fpsSbpw a\kpIÄ IogS¡m³ At±l¯n\mbn. aq¶pXhW apJya{´nbmbXpXs¶ CXn\p sXfnhv. F¶pw \yq\]£§Äs¡m¸w t`m¸mÂ: \yq\]£§fpsS t£a¯n\mbn \ne]mSpIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xn IÀi\ \ne]mSpImc\mbncp¶p AÀPp³ knwKv. \yq\]£§Ä¡pw At±l¯n XnIª hnizmkapWvSmbn. sXcsªSp¸p cm{ãob¯n AXnImb\mbn amdm³ Cu \ne]mSpIÄ At±ls¯ XpW¨p. \yq\]£§fmb apkvenw§fpsS hnizkvX\mIm³ F¡mehpw AÀPp³knwKv {ian¨ncp¶p. _m_vdnakvPnZv XIÀ¡s¸«Xns\¯pSÀ¶p \cknwldmhp a{´nk`bnÂ\n¶p cmPnh¨pw AÀPp³knwKv am[ya§fn \ndªp. \cknwldmhphpambpÅ A`n{]mbhyXymks¯¯pSÀ¶v 1994  tIm¬{Kkv hn«v F³.Un. Xnhmcns¡m¸w HmÄ C´y CµncmtIm¬{Kkv cq]oIcn¨p. F¶mÂ, 2000 ¯n hoWvSpw tIm¬{Kkn Xncns¨¯n cmPyk`mwKambn. \mep ]XnämWvSp \oWvSp\n¶ cm{ãobPohnX¯n AÀPp³knwKns\ Npä¸än GXm\w hnhmZ§fpapWvSmbn. AÀPp³knwKv a[y{]tZiv apJya{´nbmbncns¡bmWv 1984 Unkw_À cWvSn\p t`m¸mense bqWnb³ ImÀss_Uv ^mÎdnbn hnjhmXI tNmÀ¨bpWvSmbXv. hnjhmXIw izkn¨p P\§Ä acn¨phoWpsImWvSncns¡ {]Xntcm[\S]SnIÄ¡p t\XrXzw \evIp¶Xn\p ]Icw t`m¸m \Kc¯n\p ]pd¯pÅ sIÀhm Umw ]meknte¡p kzbc£tXSn AÀPp³knwKv t]msb¶m bncp¶p Hcmtcm]Ww. PnÃm `cWIqS¯n\v Bhiyamb \nÀtZi§Ä \evIm\pw apJya{´nbpsS `mK¯p\n¶p \o¡§fpWvSmbnsöpw NneÀ hnaÀin¨p. Zpc´w \S¡pt¼mÄ t`m¸menepWvSmbncp¶ bqWnb³ ImÀss_Uv ta[mhn hmd³ B³tUgvks\ kpc£nX\mbn AXnYnaµnc¯nse¯n¨v UÂln hgn Atacn¡bv¡p t]mIm³ Ahkcsamcp¡nbXv AÀPp³knwKmsW¶v Bt£]apWvSmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ, A{Iamkàcmb P\¡q«¯nÂ\n¶pw c£s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\mWv At±ls¯ Xm³ UÂlnbnte¡v Ibänhn«sX¶mWv ]n¶oSv AÀPp³knwKv hniZoIcn¨Xv. AÀPp³knwKv a[y{]tZiv apJya{´nbmbncns¡bmWv hnhmZamb NpÀlm«v tem«dn tIkpWvSmbXv. kwØm\ tem«dnbpsS amXrIbn hymP tem«dnbpWvSm¡m³ apJya{´n Iq«p\ns¶¶mbncp¶p Bt£]w. Gsd \mÄ apJya{´nsbNpän¸än Cu Btcm]Ww am[ya§fn \ndsª¦nepw CXp sXfnbn¡s¸«nÃ. AÀPp³knwKns\Xntc kv{Xo[\]oU\¯n\v Hcn¡Â tIkpWvSmbn. sIm¨paI³ A`na\ypknwKnsâ `mcyho«pImcmWv AÀPp³knwKv, `mcy _o\mknwKv, aI³ A`na\ypknwKv, sIm¨paI³ A`nPnXv knwKv F¶nhÀs¡Xntc kv{Xo[\]oU\¯n\p tIkv \evInbXv. kv{Xo[\ambn sagvknUkv Imdpw ^vfmäpw Bhiys¸s«¶pw CtX Bhiyhpambn aIsf ]oUn¸ns¨¶pw NqWvSn¡m«n A`na\yp knwKnsâ `mcyho«pImÀ \evInb tIkns\¯pSÀ¶v D¯À{]tZinse samdmZm_mZv AUojW No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn AÀPp³knwKns\Xntc tIskSp¡m³ \nÀtZin¡pIbmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ, IpSpw_Imcy§fn Xm\nSs]Smdnsömbncp¶p AÀPp³knwKnsâ \ne]mSv. D¯À{]tZinse ambmhXn kÀ¡mÀ CtX¡pdn¨p kn_nsF At\zjW¯n\p in]mÀi sNbvXp. tI{µ am\hhn`htijn hIp¸pa{´nbmbncns¡ kzImcy hnZym`ymkØm]\§Ä¡p Iev]nXkÀhIemime ]Zhn \evIp¶Xn\mbn hym]I {Iat¡Spw AgnaXnbpw \S¯nsb¶ Btcm]Whpw AÀPp³knwKn\ptaepWvSmbn. CtX¯pSÀ¶v 2010 P\phcnbn tI{µkÀ¡mÀ 44 Øm]\§fpsS Iev]nXkÀhIemime ]Zhn FSp¯pIfªp. AÀPp³knwKv þ PohnXtcJ  1930 \hw_À 5þ a[y{]tZinse NqÀl«n P\\w. 1957þ85 hsc a[y{]tZiv \nbak`mwKw. 1963 sk]väw_À apX 1967 Unkw_À hsc a[y{]tZiv Irjn a{´n, C³^Àtaj³ B³Uv ]»nIv dntej³kv a{´n. 1967 kwØm\ Bkq{XW a{´n 1972 apX 1977 hsc kwØm\ hnZym`ymk a{´n 1977þ 1980 a[y{]tZiv \nabk`bn {]Xn]£ t\Xmhv 1980þ 1985 a[y{]tZiv apJya{´n 1985 amÀ¨v þ \hw_À ]©m_v KhÀWÀ 1988 s^{_phcn þ 1989 P\phcn a[y{]tZiv apJya{´n 1991 Pq¬ þ 1994 Unkw_À tI{µ am\htijn a{´n 1991 Pq¬ þ 1996 sabv kmäv\bnÂ\n¶p temIk`mwKw 1996 Pq¬ þ temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸n kmäv\bn ]cmPbs¸«p. 1998 G{]n þ temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸n slmkwKm_mZn ]cmPbs¸«p. 2000 G{]nen cmPyk`mwKambn sXcsªSp¡s¸«p 2000 sabv 15 þ 2004 s^{_phcnhsc tI{µ B`y´c a{´meb D]tZiIkanXn AwKw 2002 G{]n þ 2004 s^{_phcn ]mÀesaâv Ìm³UnwKv I½nän sNbÀam³ 2004 tabv 22 þ 2009 tabv tI{µ am\htijn a{´n. KmÔnIpSpw_¯nsâ hnizkvX³ \yqUÂln: A´cn¨ ap³{][m\a{´n cmPohvKmÔnbpsSbpw KmÔnIpSpw_¯nsâbpw hnizkvX\mbncp¶p AÀPp³knwKv. KmÔn IpSpw_hpambpÅ ASp¯ _ÔamWv F¬]XpIfn tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«nbpsS tZiob sshkv {]knUâmIm³ AÀPp³knwKns\ klmbn¨Xv. ]©m_n JmenØm³ Xo{hhmZw sImSp¼ncns¡mWvSncns¡, A\p\b{iasat¶mWw cmPohvKmÔnþtemwtKmhmÄ DS¼Sn{]Imcw kwØm\¯nsâ KhÀWdmIm³ cmPohv sXcsªSp¯Xv AÀPp³knwKns\bmbncp¶p. AÀPp³knwKv a[y{]tZiv apJya{´nbmbncnt¡ t`m¸men hnjhmXI Zpc´apWvSmbXv. Cu kw`h¯nse apJy{]Xnbmb bqWnb³ ImÀss_Uv ta[mhn hmd³ B³tUgvk\v cmPy¯p\n¶p c£s¸Sm³ Ahkcsamcp¡nbXv A¶p {][m\a{´nbmbncp¶ cmPohvKmÔnbmbncp¶psh¶v Btcm]WapbÀ¶t¸mÄ cmPohn\p ¢o³Nnäv \evIn AÀPp³knwKv ]ckyambn cwKs¯¯n. ]Icw Ipäw ]n.hn \cknwldmhphn\pta Btcm]n¨p. tIm¬{Kknsâ DbÀ¨bv¡p XmgvNbv¡pw km£yw hln¨n«pÅ t\Xm¡fnsemcmfmWv AÀPp³knwKv. hnZym`ymkcwKs¯ kwhcW{]iv\w ]cnlcn¡m³ am\hhn`htijn a{´nbmbncns¡ Ct±lw \S¯nbn«pÅ {ia§Ä ]cs¡ {]iwkn¡s¸«n«pWvSv.